What is the primary function of the pituitary gland?

The primary function of the pituitary gland is to control other hormone glands in the body. Often referred to as the "master gland," the pituitary gland plays a crucial role in the endocrine system by producing and secreting a variety of hormones that regulate many bodily functions. It influences various physiological processes by signaling other glands such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and reproductive organs to produce their own hormones.

For instance, it releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which prompts the thyroid gland to produce hormones that regulate metabolism. It also secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol, a hormone important for stress response and metabolism.

By controlling these other glands, the pituitary gland helps maintain homeostasis within the body, ensuring that various systems function optimally in response to internal and external changes.